One of the most closely watched AI-adjacent copyright disputes in legal tech is moving deeper into the appellate phase. Thomson Reuters and Ross Intelligence are now before the Third Circuit in Thomson Reuters Enterprise Centre GmbH, et al v. Ross Intelligence Inc, a case that has become a bellwether for how courts may treat the use of proprietary legal content in building competing research tools.

The dispute stems from allegations that Ross used Thomson Reuters’ Westlaw headnotes and related editorial material to train or develop its legal research platform without authorization.

Another publisher has joined the fast-growing line of plaintiffs testing how copyright law applies to generative AI. U.S. News World Report has sued OpenAI in the Southern District of New York, alleging the company used its content without authorization to train AI models and generate outputs that compete with or diminish the value of the publisher’s work. The case, U.S. News World Report, L.P. v. OpenAI, Inc. et al, adds another closely watched dispute to a litigation trend that is rapidly becoming one of the most consequential battles in technology and media law.

At a high level, these cases raise a core question: when AI developers ingest large volumes of copyrighted material to train models, does that qualify as lawful fair use, or does it require permission and compensation? Publishers bringing these suits generally argue that model training and AI-generated summaries or reproductions exploit protected expression and threaten traffic, subscriptions, and licensing markets.